Comparison of scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation for the sizing of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles

Comparison of scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation for the sizing of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles
March 2004
Alexander Bootz, Vitali Vogel, Dieter Schubert and J?rg Kreuter
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Volume 57, Issue 2 , March 2004, Pages 369-375
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Abstract
Nanoparticles represent promising carriers for controlled drug delivery. This work focuses on the size and molecular mass characterization of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles formed by anionic emulsion polymerization of butylcyanoacrylate in the presence of poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer. Three different methods were used to determine the size and size distribution of the particle populations: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and analytical ultracentrifugation (ANUC). SEM on freeze-dried and Au-shadowed samples showed a relatively narrow distribution of virtually spherical particles with a mean diameter of 167 nm. DLS yielded a monomodal distribution with hydrodynamic diameters around 199 nm (in the absence of additional stabilizer) or 184 nm (in the presence of 1% poloxamer 188). The size distribution determined by ANUC using sedimentation velocity analysis was somewhat more complex, the size of the most abundant particles being around 184 nm. Molar particle mass distributions centered around 2.3?109 g/mol. The advantages and disadvantages of the three sizing techniques are discussed.